As a kind of clean energy, waste incineration power generation can not only solve the phenomenon of "garbage besieged city" from the root cause, but also a kind of energy-saving measure of "turning waste into treasure", which can bring huge economic benefits to the society. It is currently and in the future. The main direction of garbage. Although waste incineration power generation has developed rapidly in recent years, there are still major problems in waste-to-energy technology equipment, waste-to-energy policy, and site selection and location of waste-to-energy plants. With the development of China's economy and science and technology, people's awareness of environmental protection is enhanced. On the basis of solving the above problems, we should introduce the connection between waste classification and waste-to-energy generation and the enlightenment of waste incineration power generation in the era of 5G Internet of Things. Ultimately, the reduction, recycling and harmlessness of garbage will be realized.
1 Waste sorting to improve the efficiency of waste incineration power generation
1.1 Garbage classification is a sufficient condition for waste incineration power generation
Waste-to-energy generation is the sorting process after collecting all kinds of garbage. High-temperature incineration of wastes that do not generate a large amount of harmful gases, and the generated heat energy is converted into electric energy; for wastes with high water content and a large amount of harmful substances, such as kitchen waste, it is necessary to ferment and be tired. Oxygen, dry desulfurization and other processes are used to produce biogas, which is burned to generate electricity. At present, most of the work of garbage sorting is mixed and collected, which makes the garbage power generation process more complicated, and the classification after collection is far more troublesome than the classified collection. Therefore, garbage classification is the “first-tier resource utilization” of garbage. Sorting and recycling recyclable waste will not only bring economic benefits, but also improve the efficiency of waste disposal in the later period. Waste-to-energy is the “second-level resource utilization”. In the remaining garbage after the first sorting, the garbage can be directly incinerated for incineration and power generation, turning waste into a clean energy source, reducing the waste of limited resources in China, and conforming to China's sustainable development strategy.
1.2 Latest Policy on Waste Classification
On June 3, 2019, Xi Jinping made important instructions on the classification of waste. From 2019 onwards, the classification of domestic wastes was started in cities across the country and above. By the end of 2020, 46 key cities will be basically built into the waste sorting and treatment system, before the end of 2025. Garbage sorting and processing systems will be basically built in cities at prefecture level and above. The implementation of waste sorting not only realizes the recycling of waste, but also improves the efficiency of waste-to-energy generation. At present, waste sorting policies have been implemented in many areas. Since many people have not yet formed the awareness of garbage sorting, it is also difficult to implement. Waste sorting is a problem we are facing. It requires everyone to develop the habit of sorting garbage and form a sense of environmental protection. This is also a big step for China to move toward a more civilized and greener environment.
1.3 The importance of waste sorting for waste-to-energy generation
Waste sorting For waste-to-energy generation, it is mainly classified as domestic waste and kitchen waste. The high moisture content of domestic garbage is mainly due to the mixing and mixing of some kitchen waste and domestic garbage. Because the moisture content of kitchen waste is high, it is necessary to carry out fermentation, anaerobic, desulfurization and other operational processes that cannot be directly incinerated. Otherwise, it will not only affect the calorific value of waste-to-energy, but also generate harmful gases such as Erm. Moreover, the mixed garbage will ooze out the grease during the degradation process, thereby blocking the filter membrane and increasing the processing cost. The garbage incinerator supporting equipment is generally rated calorific value, so it is very important to judge the calorific value of domestic garbage in the area, and the garbage mixing, season and weather are the influencing factors of the calorific value of the garbage, so the garbage classification is to make the domestic garbage hot. A favorable factor for relatively stable values.
2 Economic benefits of domestic waste incineration power generation
2.1 Example analysis of waste-to-energy advantages
2.2.1 Taking Chaoyang Circular Economy Industrial Park as an Example
Beijing Chaoyang Circular Economy Industrial Park The domestic waste incineration power plant uses waste heat from incineration waste to generate electricity with a rated power of 220 million kWh, saving 70,000 tons of standard coal per year. At present, the two waste incineration plants in the industrial park can generate electricity for one year for 500,000 households. In 2002, the waste disposal capacity of the Harmless Treatment Center was 1 000 t. However, urban waste increased at a rate of 8.98% per year, and landfills could not solve the “garbage siege”. From the processing center to the circular economy industrial park, the daily processing capacity from landfill to waste-to-energy generation can reach 3.6 thousand tons. It can be seen that the economic benefits brought by waste-to-energy generation are considerable.
2.2.2 Analysis of “Damp Waste No Village” in Shanghai Jinshan Xinghuo Village
As the first village-level wet garbage disposal site in Jinshan District, the village used a rented smart kitchen waste disposal equipment to reduce the wet waste in the village by 90%. After treatment of each ton of wet garbage, it can produce 200 kilograms of organic fertilizer and sell it to the market at a price of about 1 yuan per kilogram, and increase the basic balance of income and expenditure. This pilot demonstrates the importance and enforceability of waste sorting. If the “wet garbage does not leave the village” project can be vigorously promoted in urban and rural areas, not only local residents will benefit, but also the effect of waste incineration power generation will have a positive effect.
2.2 There are problems in the production of waste-to-energy
2.2.1 Low-price bidding leads to a vicious circle of industry
On the one hand, the scale of waste-to-energy plants is reduced. On the other hand, the price of subsidies for waste disposal begins to decline in a cliff-like manner, and the industry is trapped in low-price bidding. The low-cost bidding project has the possibility of delaying the construction period, reducing the quality of the project, maliciously stealing, building and not transporting, and the company will lower the cost at the expense of lowering the construction or operation standards. Some enterprises do not aim at disposing of garbage, but aim to earn government subsidies, so that the waste-to-energy industry will have a vicious circle.
2.2.2 The scale of the waste power plant is small, resulting in poor efficiency
Small-scale waste-to-energy plants have been established in many areas, dealing with smaller power plants, requiring daily shutdowns and shorter start-up hours. Not only is the processing efficiency low, resources are wasted, but uncontrollable polluting gases are also generated. Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate small-scale power plants and set high-standard construction requirements. For the location and scale construction of waste-to-energy plants, the economic benefits from local geographical location, population, waste production and post-production should be considered.
2.2.3 Waste-to-energy technology equipment is “hardware”
China's waste-to-energy industry started relatively late compared with foreign countries, and most of China's waste-to-energy technology equipment also relies on foreign countries. There is a certain difference in the calorific value of domestic garbage at home and abroad, so imported equipment is not suitable for domestic waste-to-energy plants. The research on waste-to-energy technology must have a strategic vision. It can formulate a set of standard systems for domestic waste treatment, improve the efficiency and efficiency of waste treatment, effectively treat and discharge pollutants, and make the electricity generated by waste incineration stable. ". In addition, the improvement of waste-to-energy technology can effectively solve the “neighborhood effect”.
2.2.4 Lack of waste-to-energy technology talents
Waste-to-energy requires not only advanced technology and equipment, but also talents with advanced knowledge. Because people's understanding of waste-to-energy is not comprehensive, such technical talents are also very scarce. It is possible that a waste-to-energy plant has been put into operation, but no managers or post-maintenance personnel who understand the technology can be found. According to the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan”, by the end of 2020, the capacity of municipal solid waste incineration facilities in the country will reach 591,400 t/d. The prospect of domestic waste-to-energy generation is still broad. Solving the problems of talents and technologies is an important task to be completed. .
3 Social benefits of municipal solid waste incineration
3.1 is conducive to regional economic development
Turn waste into waste, and make "resources," "reduction," and "harmlessness" at the root. By shifting the focus of waste-to-energy generation from large cities to urban and rural areas, local environmental problems can be solved, and relevant tourism and visits can be developed to bring economic benefits to the region. The electricity generated is merged into the national grid, which is not only self-sufficient to the local, but also can be exported to truly realize the concept of sustainable development in China.
3.2 Saving land resources. Control the amount of garbage
The three types of domestic waste we know are: landfill, compost, and incineration. Landfill and composting treats the waste of land resources very seriously. Faced with the problem of scarcity of land, waste incineration and power generation is a long-term solution. Some experts said: "Garbage is only a misplaced resource." As the production of garbage "increased", we should control the amount of garbage from the source, and the "circulation" concept of circular economy should be put on the agenda.
3.3 Solving local employment problems
Once the waste incineration power generation project is completed, it will be a long-term project. It requires a large number of pre-construction projects, project planning, equipment installation and maintenance, and operators. It can solve local employment problems and bring good social benefits.
4 Policy recommendations
4.1 Implementing waste sorting in conjunction with the Internet of Things
At present, the Internet of Things is developing rapidly, and the 5G era has arrived. People are not completely clear about the specific classification of garbage, so it can be combined with digital and Internet of Things technologies to remind people how to classify garbage. In addition, to improve the knowledge and benefits of waste sorting among residents, it is necessary to establish a complete system and system for waste sorting and waste incineration power generation. To achieve waste-to-energy, waste sorting is a critical step.
4.2 The government should learn from Germany's complete waste classification and power generation regulations
Germany is the first country to legislate for “junk economy”. In terms of waste sorting, it has been regulated from the source at the beginning, passed the “Classification and Packaging Regulations for Wastes” and other laws, and has strict waste sorting standards such as “yellow bag system” – packaging discarded with green dots. bag. The perfect charging policy, such as the deposit system and subsidies for the renewable resources industry, is different for different households. In the case of domestic waste incineration, it is necessary to follow a five-step priority structure. The biggest difference between Germany and China in dealing with garbage is that Germany first avoids the generation of garbage from the source, then recycles the garbage, and then generates electricity for a part of the waste, and the remaining small part is landfilled. In China, on the contrary, the source control is not obvious, and the recycling is not in place. After some of the waste-to-energy generation, most of them are landfilled.
4.3 Develop advanced technical equipment for waste incineration power generation
The technology developed must have a long-term strategic vision. In the future, people will have higher requirements for the environment, less emissions of air pollutants, and higher calorific value of biochemical waste. This requires more sophisticated and advanced technology and equipment, short maintenance period, safe and reliable, and high efficiency of waste incineration. At the same time, we have formulated a comprehensive waste power plant rules and regulations, including safety, management, and operation technology.
4.4 Actively handle the "neighborhood effect"
The “neighborhood effect” was mainly due to the fact that people did not understand the operational processes, technical equipment and benefits of waste incineration. The government should vigorously promote the benefits of waste-to-energy and the existing technologies in China, and organize people to visit the built-up waste-to-energy plants. The “neighborhood effect” should be actively addressed, and the construction of waste-to-energy plants should not be abandoned because of this phenomenon.
5 Conclusion
According to the "green development" concept put forward by China, waste-to-energy generation is an inevitable way to treat waste without pollution in the future. Although the development of waste-to-energy is booming, there are still many problems that require us all to work hard. Doing a good job in waste sorting is the most important task at the moment. At the same time, the waste sorting technology of the Internet of Things, the technology research and development of waste-to-energy, and the government's policy reform are even more urgent.
